通常施工圖繪圖工程師在繪製一套施工圖前,會先規劃圖面數量,以做為施工圖作業計畫的目標。建築物中自最底層至屋頂突出物層均應分別繪製一個平面圖, 如果在建築平面圖中,有兩個或以上之樓層,其間的每一構件的位置、形狀與所使用的材料均完全一樣時,得以共用同一個平面圖表示之。

立面圖最少應包括東、南、西、北向等四個方位的立面圖,但因建築物設計特殊,利用四向立面仍無法完整表達建築物外牆表面上之構造狀況時,則應以剖立面的方式補繪製被遮處之外牆立面圖,直至全部外牆表面均能完整表達為止,如圖4-1 所示。

圖中為建築物的平面型式,除東向、西向、南向、北向立面圖之外,仍需再繪製a-a、b-b、c-c、d-d 等四個剖立面圖,總共需八個立面圖才能完全表達該建築物之外牆表面狀況。  立面圖主要是用來說明建築物外牆面上的構造狀況,因此立面圖圖面數需能完整表示各外牆上狀況才行。

既然施工圖的尺寸標示是供施工人員瞭解之用,那麼最佳的尺寸標示方法應該是按照施工放樣的順序來表示,例如在RC 建築物的施工中,最先施做的構件是結構體的柱、樑、板、承重牆,然後才是填充體的隔間牆、門窗、扶手等,因此在建築平面圖的位置尺寸標示中,柱子的位置說明應最先標示且自成一個表達系統,牆與門窗也各自成為另一個表達系統;其他各別的裝飾體或構件則採單獨各自標示,且各自成一個尺寸標示系統。

一般而言,每側均會有四層位置尺寸標示線,尺寸線的佈置及意義說明如下:

6-5 平面圖中位置尺寸的標示方法
  • 外掛構件位置的尺寸標示線
  • 內柱之位置標示
  • 內牆之位置標示
  • 階梯、欄杆扶手等構件位置標示

    ■「建築施工圖」最佳入門

    本書內容分為四篇,第一篇「施工圖原理」,主要介紹施工圖的重要觀念與原理,目的是為施工圖的繪製建立基礎。

    第二篇「建築施工圖」,主要介紹建築施工圖中各種圖面的繪製原理與方法。於各章中亦詳述各種圖面錯誤的查核與修正方法,這部分對於建築師事務所繪圖工程師與營造廠工地主任具有參閱價值。

    第三篇「結構施工圖」,主要介紹結構施工圖的繪製原理與方法,並整理出鋼筋加工時應注意的細節與要求,除可供學生理解鋼筋工程原理,還可供鋼筋工程施工人員與工地主任之參考。同時,對於結構技師事務所施工圖繪圖工程師的施工圖作業而言,亦有不少的幫助。

    第四篇「結論」,主要在分析說明施工圖的結構性問題,以利施工圖改良的推行,並提出我國施工圖繪製水平的短、中、長期改善的策略與建議,以因應加入WTO後營建工程環境改變之需。

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